## Tuesday, November 23, 2010

### Problem of the Week #2: Solution

Thanks to all who sent in solutions! We are very happy with the vast number of responses, and we will put up a leader board shortly!

Solution

Let A be the fraction of the rubber band that the ant has traversed.

$A\left(t\right)=\frac{x\left(t\right)}{L+vt}.$

The ant's velocity relative to any point along the rubber band is equal to the length of the rubber band times the first time derivative of A:

$u=\left(L+vt\right)\frac{dA}{dt}=\left(L+vt\right)\left[\frac{\dot{x}}{L+vt}-\frac{vx}{\left(L+vt\right)^{2}}\right]=\dot{x}-\frac{vx}{L+vt}.$

This gives us an inseparable, first-order differential equation for x(t). The general differential equation of this type,

$\dot{x}+p\left(t\right)x=q\left(t\right),$

has the general solution

$x\left(t\right)=e^{-\int_{0}^{t} p\left(t\right)dt}\int_{0}^{t} q\left(t\right)e^{\int_{0}^{t} p\left(t\right)dt}dt.$

In our case,

$p\left(t\right)=-\frac{v}{L+vt},\quad q\left(t\right)=u.$

Therefore,

$x\left(t\right)&=&e^{\int\frac{v}{L+vt}dt}\int ue^{-\int\frac{v}{L+vt}dt}dt=\frac{u}{v}\left(L+vt\right)\ln\left(1+\frac{vt}{L}\right).$

When the ant has reached the other side, x(t) = L + vt, so

$x\left(t\right)=L+vt=\frac{u}{v}\left(L+vt\right)\ln\left(1+\frac{vt}{L}\right).$

Solving for t, we get

$t=\frac{L}{v}\left(e^{v/u}-1\right).$

So the ant always makes it to the other side (unless u = 0)! In the limit as v -> 0, we get

$t\approx\frac{L}{u},$

which is exactly what we would expect.

We can show that the ant will reach the other side without doing any calculations. As the ant moves across the rubber band, the velocity of the point on the rubber band that the ant is currently walking on increases from 0 to v. Therefore, the ant is accelerating. Since the other end of the rubber band is moving at a constant velocity, the accelerating ant will always eventually catch up to the far end.

Another way to see this is that since the ant is accelerating, if it makes it halfway, it will make it all the way to the other side; if it makes it one-quarter of the way, it will make it halfway, and so on. We know that since the ant is traveling at some nonzero velocity, it must make it some nonzero fraction of the way to the other side. Therefore, it must make it twice that far, and so on, all the way to the other side. Thanks to Frank for pointing this out!

#### 1 comment:

1. I started out with the ant's dimensionless velocity - u/(L+vt) - and integrated to find its relative position. Equate that with one to find the time it takes the ant to cross the whole thing. I think that saves one step (solving the differential equation)